Current entry

First Opium War and the coerced opening of Qing China (1839-1842): version history

Entry-text changes are distinguished from website design and metadata changes. The publication change log explains editorial reasons; the dated entry review record explains scope.

Publication change log · Current review record

• Edition 2.0.38, 2026-11-10. First archived text.
• Edition 2.0.39, 2026-11-10. Entry text unchanged.